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<title>Architecture of Chile</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Architecture of Chile</span></span>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="Culture_of_Chile" title="Culture of Chile">Culture of Chile</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Incas_in_Central_Chile" title="Incas in Central Chile">Early history (pre-1540)</a></li>

<li><a href="Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">European conquest and colonization (1541–1810)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">Independence (1810–1827)</a></li>

<li><a href="Republican_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Chile">Republican era (1818–1891)</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Chile_during_the_Parliamentary_Era_(1891%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)">Parliamentary era (1891–1925)</a></li>

<li><a href="Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931973)" title="Presidential Republic (1925–1973)">Presidential era (1925–1973)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chile_under_pinochet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile under pinochet">Pinochet regime (1973–1990)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_transition_to_democracy" title="Chilean transition to democracy">Transition to democracy (1990–present)</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="Ethnic_groups_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Chile">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Chileans" title="Chileans">Chileans</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a></li>

<li><a href="Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">indigenous peoples in Chile</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Chilean Spanish</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">

<a href="Cuisine_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Chile">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> (69.95%)</li>

<li><a href="Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a> (9%)</li>

<li><a href="Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (6.14%)</li>

<li><a href="Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">Irreligious</a> (8.30%)</li>

<li><a href="Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (0.13%)</li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">

<a href="Literature_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Chile">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">

<a href="Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Media</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Television_in_Chile" title="Television in Chile">Television</a></li>

<li><a href="Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">

<a href="Sport_in_Chile" title="Sport in Chile">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Chile">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<li><a href="National_anthem_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Chile">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AChile" title="Portal:Chile">Chile portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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<p><b>Chilean architecture</b> is influenced by <a href="History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">the country's history</a>, <a href="Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">religious culture</a> and unique <a href="Climate_of_Chile" title="Climate of Chile">climate</a>. Chile was a former Spanish colony and its architectural style was therefore strongly influenced by <a href="Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Spanish design</a>. Due to the unique geographical environment, Chilean architecture was also designed to accommodate these natural conditions. In particular, Chile's special geologic structure and resultant high incidence of earthquakes and tsunamis have led to Chilean architects becoming quite experienced in the application of structures and materials for <a href="Earthquake-resistant_structures" title="Earthquake-resistant structures">earthquake-resistant structures</a> and post-disaster reconstruction.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_background">Geographical background</h2></div>

<p>As the narrowest country in the world, Chile has a unique geography. With a 4,270 km (2,650 mi) north–south span, Chile spans 38 latitudes and has 24 world-wide climates.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Chilean houses and buildings are adapted to suit the natural conditions. In the dry north, materials such as stones, earth and straw are usually used, and the central areas are mainly clay and straw. In the rainy south, tiles and wood are used.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chile is located on the <a href="Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Pacific Ring of Fire</a>; this special geological structure has resulted in Chile having a remarkably high incidence of <a href="Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> and <a href="Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This intense earthquake activity constrains the development of urban architecture, so the indigenous houses of the former Latino residents were built with half-timbered and smeared earthen walls (wood structures filled with straw and clay) because these walls are light and flexible. The arrival of Spanish conquistadors in 1541 saw the development of more urban architecture; however, the first colonial buildings they built were highly vulnerable to earthquake activity. As a result, later colonial architecture was modified to be suitable for earthquakes and post-disaster reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chile's building codes require all buildings to survive a 9.0 magnitude earthquake. That is to say, a building may crack, tilt, and even be declared unsuitable for future use after an earthquake, but it cannot collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So, in order to meet the government's requirements, the average cost of each building in Chile is higher than in most other countries.

</p><p>Strong columns and weak beams are widely used in Chilean buildings. They are supported by reinforced concrete columns and are further reinforced by steel frames. Before piling, the construction company will drill holes to measure the wave velocity and calculate the natural frequency of the building, so that the main structure of the building can swing freely with the seismic wave. Its design concept is to buffer and release seismic energy as much as possible, and to maximise the preservation of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-Columbian_period">Pre-Columbian period</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Pukara" title="Pukara">Pukara</a> and <a href="Ruka_(Mapuche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruka (Mapuche)">Ruka (Mapuche)</a></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Casa de piedra, attributed to Aconcagua culture, located in <a href="Farellones" title="Farellones">Farellones</a>, Metropolitana de Santiago Region.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Portrait of a characteristic ruca of the <a href="Mapuche_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapuche people">Mapuche people</a> inhabitant of the Araucanía Region, 1930.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Ceremonial hut <a href="Yahgan_people" title="Yahgan people">Yahgan people</a>, a town inhabiting the Magallanes Region, 1918.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a> stone architecture in <a href="El_Loa" title="El Loa">El Loa</a> Province, Antofagasta Region.</div>

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<p>During the <a href="Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a>, the northern part of Chile was ruled by the <a href="Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> and was influenced by Inca culture and developed rich handicrafts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inca buildings are mostly stone structures. The main features of their architectural style are the use of land topography and existing materials as part of the design. The stones they used are of three types: green <a href="Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n" title="Sacsayhuamán">Sacsayhuaman</a> <a href="Diorite" title="Diorite">diorite</a> porphyry, Yucay <a href="Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and black <a href="Andesite" title="Andesite">andesite</a>. Each stone can weigh several tons. They were mined by the Incas with harder stones and bronze tools. According to the marks on the stones, they were mostly smashed into a certain shape rather than cut.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adobe walls were usually laid on stone foundations and the roofs were usually made of grass or reeds. These grass or reeds were placed on wooden or sugarcane poles, tied together with ropes, and fixed to stone walls with prominent stone piles.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Most Inca buildings are simple and formal. They have similar appearance in design. They usually combine geometry with nature in combination with the landscape. Even though Inca builders usually employed no mortar, their architecture was highly resilient, and in fact, their particular use of <a href="Dry_stone" title="Dry stone">dry stone</a> masonry gave their buildings good <a href="Anti-seismic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-seismic">anti-seismic</a> qualities, which made them well-suited to the earthquake-prone regions of what is now Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

Relatively few examples of Inca architecture in Chilean territory have survived to this day in good condition, though some remains of <a href="Pukara" title="Pukara">pukarás</a>, or stone fortresses, can still be found. These defensive complexes, such as the <a href="Pukara_of_La_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa" title="Pukara of La Compañía">Pukara of La Compañía</a> and the <a href="Pucar%C3%A1_de_Chena" class="mw-redirect" title="Pucará de Chena">Pucará de Chena</a>, were linked by the road network known as the <a href="The_Chilean_Inca_Trail" title="The Chilean Inca Trail">Inca Trail</a> or <span title="Quechua-language text"><i lang="qu">Qhapak Ñan</i></span>. Although the fortress of <a href="Pucara_de_Quitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pucara de Quitor">Quitor</a> is also classified under the generic term of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pucará</i></span>, its construction actually predates Inca presence by a couple of centuries, which makes it one of the few well-preserved examples of both pre-Spanish and pre-Inca architecture in the country.

</p><p>It is possible that some of these techniques were transmitted to territories beyond Inca rule, into the <a href="Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> area of influence. During the <a href="Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">Arauco War</a>, Spanish chroniclers would make note of the ability of the Mapuche to quickly erect simple but effective defensive fortifications. These were also given the generic term of <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pucará</i></span></i>, though evidence suggests that Mapuche builders preferred the use of <a href="Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">earthworks</a> over stone masonry.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_Colonial_period">Spanish Colonial period</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial architecture</a> and <a href="Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">Hipodamic plan</a></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Plan of Santiago de Chile in 1716. Note the hypodamic design, with the square as the central point and the arrangement of the main buildings around it, a legacy of the Spanish colonial urbanization model.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Calle Comercio of Putaendo, an example of traditional use and inherited from the Hispanic colonial style. </div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Casa_Colorada" title="Casa Colorada">Casa Colorada</a>, built in Santiago de Chile between 1769 and 1779 as the residence of <a href="Mateo_de_Toro_Zambrano" title="Mateo de Toro Zambrano">Mateo de Toro Zambrano</a>, an example of a richly ornamented frontispiece in colonial style.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Interior garden, corridors, adobe and tiles in the mansion of Santa Rosa de Apoquindo, an example of the application of concepts and techniques of colonial traditionalism. </div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Torreón Los Canelos, <a href="Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a>, designed by <a href="Juan_Garland" title="Juan Garland">Juan Garland</a> in 1678 and built in 1774, an example of Spanish architecture for military purposes. </div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Iglesia de San Santiago, located in <a href="Bel%C3%A9n_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belén (Chile)">Belén</a>, Region of Arica and Parinacota, erected in the 16th century in <a href="Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean Baroque</a> style.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Iglesia de Achao, built in 1730, early representative of the wooden architecture of Chiloé, Los Lagos Region.</div>

</li>

</ul>

<p>In 1540, <a href="Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a> was sent to invade Chile, and towns such as <a href="Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> and <a href="Concepci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepcion</a> were established successively. Thus Chile became a Spanish colony between 1540 and 1818.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, Chilean architectures at that time were full of Spanish characteristics. One of the most famous architect <a href="Joaqu%C3%ADn_Toesca" title="Joaquín Toesca">Joaquín Toesca</a> arrived in Chile in 1780 and was responsible for the renovation of the <a href="Mapocho_River" title="Mapocho River">Mapocho river</a> dikes, the <a href="La_Moneda_Palace" title="La Moneda Palace">La Moneda</a> and the finishing of the new cathedral, which were the most important architectural works of the period. He introduced new and technically more complex masonry buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plaza_de_Armas">Plaza de Armas</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Plaza_de_Armas_(Santiago)" title="Plaza de Armas (Santiago)">Plaza de Armas (Santiago)</a></div>

<p>The Plaza de Armas is located in <a href="Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, the capital of <a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. In 1541 <a href="Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a> built the city of Santiago and then ordered the construction of a <a href="Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza">plaza</a> in the centre of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>According to Spanish practice, the location of the squares of cities established in the Americas needs to be flat and open. The original square has a gallows that symbolises royal law. Usually, the buildings surrounding the square are the residences of churches, royal courts, state treasury, city halls, prisons, and dignitaries.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>At the beginning of the square, the central park was parked with wooden wagons loaded with agricultural goods, so the square also became the main trade market of the city. During the colonial period, some narrow and fixed stalls were formed, which formed some lanes around the square today. In 1860, influenced by European trends at the time, the square began to be gardened, and the centre opened a walking trail with green flowers and lush trees.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Moneda_Palace">La Moneda Palace</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Palacio_de_la_Moneda" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio de la Moneda">Palacio de la Moneda</a></div>

<p>During the Spanish colonial period, <a href="Palacio_de_la_Moneda" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio de la Moneda">Palacio de la Moneda</a> was once a coinage factory and one of the largest buildings built by Spanish colonists in the 18th century, not far from <a href="Plaza_de_Armas_(Santiago)" title="Plaza de Armas (Santiago)">Plaza de Armas</a>. This white building with a typical neoclassical style is now the presidential palace of Chile. The tall bronze statue of Allende stands on the Constitution Square outside the north gate of the presidential palace.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iglesia_San_Francisco_de_Alameda">Iglesia San Francisco de Alameda</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Iglesia_de_San_Francisco%2C_Santiago_de_Chile" title="Iglesia de San Francisco, Santiago de Chile">Iglesia de San Francisco, Santiago de Chile</a></div>

<p>In Santiago, Chile, <a href="Iglesia_de_San_Francisco%2C_Santiago_de_Chile" title="Iglesia de San Francisco, Santiago de Chile">Iglesia San Francisco de Alameda</a>, one of the oldest churches in Santiago, was built in 1622, but the bell tower was destroyed by the earthquake in 1647. After reconstruction, it was destroyed again by an earthquake in 1730 and was dismantled in 1751. The current clock tower was rebuilt by architect <a href="Ferm%C3%ADn_Vivaceta" title="Fermín Vivaceta">Fermín Vivaceta</a> in the mid-19th century <a href="Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santiago_Metropolitan_Cathedral">Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Santiago_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral">Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral</a></div><p><a href="Santiago_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral">Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral</a> was founded in 1748. The original church had no bell tower. In 1780, the bishop recommended to the Spanish royal family the Roman architect <a href="Joaqu%C3%ADn_Toesca" title="Joaquín Toesca">Joaquín Toesca</a> to repair the front of the cathedral and chapel. The cathedral was neoclassical in style. Two bell towers were completed at the end of 1800, one year after his death. There are three arched corridors in the church, each of which is more than 90 m (300 ft) long. The remains of all Chilean bishops remain in the cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th–early_20th_century">19th–early 20th century</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Palacio_de_La_Moneda" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio de La Moneda">Palacio de la Moneda</a>, designed by <a href="Joaqu%C3%ADn_Toesca" title="Joaquín Toesca">Joaquín Toesca</a> and completed in 1805 during the end of the colony, is an immediate antecedent of the <a href="Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical architecture</a>, which would become common at the dawn of the young Chilean republic. </div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Central Post Office of Santiago, a building in the <a href="Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> style, after its remodeling in 1908 by Ramón Feherman. </div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">National Headquarters of the College of Architects of Chile, <a href="Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">art Nouveau</a> architecture, designed by <a href="Luciano_Kulczewski" title="Luciano Kulczewski">Luciano Kulczewski</a> and built in 1920. </div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Hermanos Amunátegui 219, building built at the beginning of the 20th century in <a href="Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> architecture.</div>

</li>

</ul><ul class="center gallery mw-gallery-traditional">

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Palace_of_Cerro_Castillo" title="Palace of Cerro Castillo">Presidential Palace of Cerro Castillo</a>, in <a href="Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival architecture</a> style, inaugurated in 1930.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Larraín-Mancheño Palace, a building built in 1913 in <a href="Rococo_Revival" title="Rococo Revival">Rococo Revival</a> architecture.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Undurraga Palace, inaugurated in 1915, representative of the <a href="Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a> architecture.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Puerto Varas), an example of the use of wood in the architecture of the south of the country, which ranges from <a href="Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">German-Romanesque Revival</a> to <a href="Carpenter_Gothic" title="Carpenter Gothic">Carpenter Gothic</a>, and which displays German-Chilean syncretism.</div>

</li>

</ul>

<p>In 1818, <a href="Bernardo_O'Higgins" title="Bernardo O'Higgins">Bernardo O'Higgins</a> officially declared Chile's independence and established a republic. As he proposed and promulgated some advanced clauses, such as abolishing the nobility, developing public schools, allowing the spread of Protestantism and encouraging foreign trade, new ideas penetrated into the framework of society and in architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the mid-19th century, French architect François Brunet de Baines was commissioned by the Chilean government to create a new generation of educational system for Chilean architects. He personally directed and taught professional architect courses until his death in 1855. During this period, he completed a textbook on architecture, which is probably one of the earliest textbooks in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Lucien_H%C3%A9nault" title="Lucien Hénault">Lucien Hénault</a> then took over from 1857 to 1872. As they both came from the <a href="Paris_College_of_Art" title="Paris College of Art">Paris College of Art</a>, Chilean architecture at that time was similar to <a href="French_architecture" title="French architecture">French architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>At the end of the 19th century, more foreign architects arrived in Chile. Some of them were hired by the government, and others set up private firms, which brought new forms and technologies to Chile. These changes are reflected in many public and private buildings. Ultimately, Chilean architectural styles became one of the most interesting and complex styles in <a href="Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chilean_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts">Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Chilean_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts">Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts</a></div>

<p>The <a href="Chilean_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts">Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts</a> was founded in 1880. Its shape is <a href="Baroque_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque style">Baroque style</a>, but it also contains new architectural structural elements. It is a new and old metal structure building. Its roof is made of translucent material, which is used to solve the lighting problem of the main building. Many excellent works of art are collected and protected in the museum so as not to be destroyed in exile, and different art exhibitions are held regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Post_Office_Building">Central Post Office Building</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Central_Post_Office_Building_(Santiago)" title="Central Post Office Building (Santiago)">Central Post Office Building (Santiago)</a></div>

<p>The <a href="Central_Post_Office_Building_(Santiago)" title="Central Post Office Building (Santiago)">Central Post Office Building</a> was originally built as the private residence of the Spanish conquistador <a href="Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a>. In the colonial period, it was the governor's residence. Since Chile became independent, it was used as the presidential residence until 1846, the government office and the presidential residence moved to <a href="La_Moneda_Palace" title="La Moneda Palace">La Moneda Palace</a>, the current presidential palace. Shortly afterwards, the building caught fire, with only several walls from the original building left behind.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1882, it was converted into a <a href="Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> building which was the predecessor of the Central Post Office building.

</p><p>In 1908, to welcome the celebration of Chile's independence for its centenary, a third layer of French <a href="Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> style and a dome by Ramón Feherman were added to the Central Post Office.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_saltpeter_boom">The saltpeter boom</h3></div>

<p>By the mid-19th century, the Chilean economy gradually shifted focus from agriculture towards mining. Coal and silver mines (in <a href="Lota%2C_Chile" title="Lota, Chile">Lota</a> and <a href="Cha%C3%B1arcillo" title="Chañarcillo">Chañarcillo</a>, respectively) were an important early source of revenue for private families and the state alike, but this process was exacerbated by the end of the <a href="War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a> (1879–1884), when Chile came into possession of large territories rich in <a href="Saltpeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltpeter">saltpeter</a> deposits. The saltpeter mining industry thrived from that point up to the collapse of saltpeter prices due to the development of synthetic alternatives during <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. During this period, many families made fortunes in the mining, shipping and banking sectors. These families were capable of commissioning large residential projects from European and Chilean architects, done in the styles that were fashionable at the time: <a href="Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassicism</a>, <a href="Second_Empire_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Empire architecture">Second Empire</a>, <a href="Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a> and <a href="Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a> were among the major influences, though many of these buildings merged different styles in examples of <a href="Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">Eclecticism</a>.

</p><p>These mansions came to be commonly known as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">palacios</i></span> ('palaces'). As the <a href="Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> led to the financial ruin of many mining dynasties, several of these palaces were eventually acquired by city governments, and now function as city halls, cultural centers or museums, while others were sectioned for smaller residential and commercial use, and others still (such as the <a href="Palacio_Pereira" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio Pereira">Palacio Pereira</a> in Santiago or the Palacio Subercaseaux in Valparaíso) fell into disrepair and have been abandoned or demolished.

</p><p>The increased revenues perceived by the Chilean state through taxes and royalties on largely foreign-owned mining companies also led to an increase in public works, though these tended to be concentrated in the capital. The extensive renovations of the layout of downtown Santiago started by <a href="Benjam%C3%ADn_Vicu%C3%B1a_Mackenna" title="Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna">Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna</a> coincide with this period, as do multiple public buildings such as the Museum of Fine Arts, the Central Post Office Building, the <a href="Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile">National Library</a>, the entrance to <a href="Santa_Luc%C3%ADa_Hill" title="Santa Lucía Hill">Santa Lucía Hill</a> or the <a href="Estaci%C3%B3n_Central_(railway_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Estación Central (railway station)">Central Railway Station</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_20th–early_21st_century">Late 20th–early 21st century</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Torre_Telef%C3%B3nica_Chile" title="Torre Telefónica Chile">Torre Telefónica</a>, built in 1993, symbolizes innovation and avant-garde technology, and represents <a href="High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech architecture</a>.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Inacap Headquarters in <a href="La_Serena%2C_Chile" title="La Serena, Chile">La Serena</a>, designed in 2001, is an example of <a href="Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern architecture</a>.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Cruz_del_Tercer_Milenio" title="Cruz del Tercer Milenio">Cruz del Tercer Milenio</a>, completed in 2001, is representative of <a href="Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalist architecture</a>.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Gran_Torre_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Torre Santiago">Gran Torre Santiago</a> was the tallest skyscraper in <a href="Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and the <a href="Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a> between 2012 and 2020.</div>

</li>

</ul><ul class="center gallery mw-gallery-traditional">

<div class="gallerytext">Semisuspended building BCI Alcántara 99, by Borja Huidobro, opened in 2012.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Smiljan_Radic" title="Smiljan Radic">Smiljan Radic</a> Pavilion at the <a href="Serpentine_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentine Gallery">Serpentine Gallery</a> in London, 2014, a <a href="Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Naturalistic style</a> work, and an example of the internationalization of Chilean architects.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Santiago_Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Temple" title="Santiago Bahá'í Temple">Santiago Bahá'í Temple</a>, en <a href="Pe%C3%B1alol%C3%A9n" title="Peñalolén">Peñalolén</a>, completed in 2016, in <a href="Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organic architecture</a> style.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Anacleto Angelini Innovation Center, designed by Pritzker <a href="Alejandro_Aravena" title="Alejandro Aravena">Alejandro Aravena</a> and completed in 2014. </div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Pereira_Palace" title="Pereira Palace">Pereira Palace</a>, refurbished by <a href="Cecilia_Puga" title="Cecilia Puga">Cecilia Puga</a>, Paula Velasco and Alberto Moletto, completed in 2022.</div>

</li>

</ul>

<p>Since the end of Pinochet's rule in the 1980s, a number of new architects have emerged in Chile, hoping to make new contributions to the construction of their motherland.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the late 1990s, Chile's cultural atmosphere is becoming more and more open and inclusive. The state has begun to re-assume the responsibility of public affairs and restore the basic welfare of society. The government has begun to attach importance to and invest heavily in public buildings and social housing.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gran_Torre_Santiago">Gran Torre Santiago</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Gran_Torre_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Torre Santiago">Gran Torre Santiago</a></div><p>Despite frequent earthquakes in Chile, <a href="Gran_Torre_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Torre Santiago">Gran Torre Santiago</a>, the tallest building in <a href="South_America" title="South America">South America</a> is located in <a href="Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, the capital of <a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. The building is 300 m (980 ft) high, with 62 floors above ground and 6 floors underground. The height of each floor is 4.1 m (13 ft) and the building area is 107.125 m<sup>2</sup> (1,153.08 sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The designer not only increases the diagonal structure in the building to improve the building support force, but also penetrates the copper spring shock absorber into the main base and diagonal support steel column to cushion the damage of the building caused by the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Templo_Bahá'í">Templo Bahá'í</h3></div>

<p>The <a href="Santiago_Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Temple" title="Santiago Bahá'í Temple">Templo Baháʼí</a> is a <a href="Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í House of Worship">Bahá'í House of Worship</a> nestled into the foothills of the <a href="Andes_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes Mountains">Andes Mountains</a> looking over the city of Santiago, Chile. Designed by Canadian architect <a href="Siamak_Hariri" title="Siamak Hariri">Siamak Hariri</a>, it was opened in 2016 and has since won many international and Canadian architectural awards.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 30 m (98 ft) high and 30 m (98 ft) in diameter, and can accommodate 600 people. The most unique feature of this temple is its translucent reinforced concrete structure, which has an anti-seismic three-pendulum friction insulation system. The coating is made of <a href="Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a> and the outer coating is made of transparent molten glass.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quinta_Monroy">Quinta Monroy</h3></div>

<p><a href="Quinta_Monroy_Housing_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinta Monroy Housing Project">Quinta Monroy Housing</a> was built as a social security house for a slum in 2004 in <a href="Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a>, a city in Chile. The local government provided a subsidy of $7,500 to 100 families. Therefore, ideally, on 5,000 m<sup>2</sup> (54,000 sq ft) of land, each household can only build 36 m<sup>2</sup> (390 sq ft) of housing; under normal circumstances, its cost is three times that of social security housing. The project's challenge is to find a way to complete the construction of social security housing with limited funds.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Alejandro_Aravena" title="Alejandro Aravena">Alejandro Aravena</a>, the project's architect, and his team have come up with a special type of building. As a building, land can be used very effectively; as a house, further expansion is possible. He provided these families with "semi-finished houses" that they could not build independently, while giving them space to improve their housing according to their respective economic conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aravena won the 41st <a href="Pritzker_Architecture_Prize" title="Pritzker Architecture Prize">Pritzker Architecture Prize</a> in 2016 for its design, becoming the first Chilean architect to win the prize.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_buildings">Religious buildings</h2></div>

<p>Chile established Catholicism as the state religion in 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Chileans, 68%, are Christian, and it is estimated that 54% of Chileans belong to the Catholic Church, while 14% belong to Protestant or Evangelical Churches; only 7% of the Chilean adhere to other religions. Agnostics, atheists, and those who disagree with any particular religion account for only 25% of the Chilean population.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Chile has many Catholic church buildings.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Churches_of_Chiloé">The Churches of Chiloé</h3></div>

<p><a href="Churches_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Churches of Chiloé">The Churches of Chiloé</a> in Chiloé Islands are an outstanding representative of the unique Christian wood architecture of Latin America. These churches symbolize the cultural prosperity of the Chilean archipelago. They also witness the successful integration of local culture and European culture, the architecture and natural environment, and the organic value of local society.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the most prominent styles of <a href="Chilota_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilota architecture">Chilota architecture</a>. Unlike traditional Spanish colonial architecture, the Churches are made entirely of native wood and uses a large number of wooden tiles. These churches are built of materials to resist the humid and rainy ocean climate of Chiloe Archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<ul><li><a href="Chilotan_architecture" title="Chilotan architecture">Chilotan architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Chile" title="List of tallest buildings in Chile">List of tallest buildings in Chile</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</ol></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Architecture_of_Argentina" title="Architecture of Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_Bolivia" title="Architecture of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_Brazil" title="Architecture of Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li>Ecuador</li>

<li>Guyana</li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>

<li>Suriname</li>

<li>Uruguay</li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br>other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architecture_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li>

<li><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chile_articles552" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chile_articles552" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <a href="Index_of_Chile-related_articles" title="Index of Chile-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline40" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Timeline_of_Chilean_history" title="Timeline of Chilean history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Prehispanic_history_of_Chile" title="Prehispanic history of Chile">Prehispanic</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Ante_Christum_natum" title="Ante Christum natum">ACN</a>–1536 <a href="Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>)</span></li>

<li><a href="Discovery_of_Chile" title="Discovery of Chile">Spanish Discovery</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1536–1540)</span></li>

<li><a href="Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Spanish Conquest</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1540–1600)</span></li>

<li><a href="Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">Colonial</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1600–1810)</span></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">Independence</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1810–1826)</span></li>

<li>Republic Organization <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1823–1831)</span></li>

<li><a href="Conservative_Republic" title="Conservative Republic">Conservative Republic</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1831–1861)</span></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_Republic" title="Liberal Republic">Liberal Republic</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1861–1891)</span></li>

<li><a href="Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931973)" title="Presidential Republic (1925–1973)">Presidential Republic</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1925–1973)</span></li>

<li><a href="Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)">Pinochet Regime</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1973–1990)</span></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_transition_to_democracy" title="Chilean transition to democracy">Democracy Transition</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–Present)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_agriculture_in_Chile" title="History of agriculture in Chile">Agriculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Banditry_in_Chile" title="Banditry in Chile">Banditry</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_history_of_Chile" title="Economic history of Chile">Economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_expansionism" title="Chilean expansionism">Expansionism</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_mining_in_Chile" title="History of mining in Chile">Mining</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_history_of_Chile" title="Maritime history of Chile">Maritime</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geography_of_Chile" title="Geography of Chile">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile">Cities</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_of_Chile" title="Climate of Chile">Climate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile" title="List of earthquakes in Chile">Earthquakes</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_issues_in_Chile" title="Environmental issues in Chile">Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_extreme_points_of_Chile" title="List of extreme points of Chile">Extreme points</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_fjords%2C_channels%2C_sounds_and_straits_of_Chile" title="List of fjords, channels, sounds and straits of Chile">Fjords, channels, sounds and straits</a></li>

<li><a href="Geology_of_Chile" title="Geology of Chile">Geology</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_islands_of_Chile" title="List of islands of Chile">Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_national_parks_of_Chile" title="List of national parks of Chile">National parks</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_regions_of_Chile" title="Natural regions of Chile">Natural regions</a></li>

<li><a href="Provinces_of_Chile" title="Provinces of Chile">Provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_rivers_of_Chile" title="List of rivers of Chile">Rivers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_lakes_of_Chile" title="List of lakes of Chile">Lakes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_volcanoes_in_Chile" title="List of volcanoes in Chile">Volcanoes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_lighthouses_and_lightvessels_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Chile">Lighthouses</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Chile">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress</a></li>

<li><a href="Elections_in_Chile" title="Elections in Chile">Elections</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_relations_of_Chile" title="Foreign relations of Chile">Foreign relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Government_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Chile">Government</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_political_parties_in_Chile" title="List of political parties in Chile">Political parties</a></li>

<li><a href="President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministries_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministries of Chile">Ministries</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Law_of_Chile" title="Law of Chile">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chilean_Civil_Code" title="Chilean Civil Code">Civil Code</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">Constitution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Constitutional_history_of_Chile" title="Constitutional history of Chile">History</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Human_rights_in_Chile" title="Human rights in Chile">Human rights</a>

<li><a href="Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Intersex</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Law enforcement</a></li>

<li><a href="Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="Supreme Court of Chile">Supreme Court</a></li>

<li><a href="Constitutional_Court_of_Chile" title="Constitutional Court of Chile">Constitutional Court</a></li>

<li><a href="Comptroller_General_of_Chile" title="Comptroller General of Chile">Comptroller General of Chile</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Public safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Carabineros</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_Gendarmerie" title="Chilean Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li>

<li><a href="Investigations_Police_of_Chile" title="Investigations Police of Chile">Investigations Police</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Military_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chile">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Air Force</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Chile)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Chile)">Ministry of Defence</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agriculture_in_Chile" title="Agriculture in Chile">Agriculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Aquaculture_in_Chile" title="Aquaculture in Chile">Aquaculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Bank_of_Chile" title="Central Bank of Chile">Central Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_companies_of_Chile" title="List of companies of Chile">Companies</a></li>

<li><a href="Energy_in_Chile" title="Energy in Chile">Energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Forestry_in_Chile" title="Forestry in Chile">Forestry</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Peso <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Santiago_Stock_Exchange" title="Santiago Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="Mining_in_Chile" title="Mining in Chile">Mining</a>

<ul><li><a href="Copper_mining_in_Chile" title="Copper mining in Chile">Copper</a></li>

<li><a href="Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Telecommunications</a></li>

<li><a href="Tourism_in_Chile" title="Tourism in Chile">Tourism</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_in_Chile" title="Transport in Chile">Transport</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Crime_in_Chile" title="Crime in Chile">Crime</a>

<ul><li><a href="Illegal_mining_in_Chile" title="Illegal mining in Chile">Illegal mining</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Demographics_of_Chile" title="Demographics of Chile">Demographics</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Chile" title="Education in Chile">Education</a></li>

<li><a href="Healthcare_in_Chile" title="Healthcare in Chile">Healthcare</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">Immigration</a>

<ul><li><a href="Illegal_immigration_to_Chile" title="Illegal immigration to Chile">Illegal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Chileans" title="Chileans">People</a>

<ul><li><a href="Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Indigenous</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Squatting_in_Chile" title="Squatting in Chile">Squatting</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Chile" title="Water supply and sanitation in Chile">Water supply and sanitation</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_Chile" title="Women in Chile">Women</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Culture_of_Chile" title="Culture of Chile">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Beauty pageants</li>

<li><a href="Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Cinema</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_literature" title="Chilean literature">Literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_mythology" title="Chilean mythology">Mythology</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_newspapers_in_Chile" title="List of newspapers in Chile">Newspapers</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_holidays_in_Chile" title="Public holidays in Chile">Public holidays</a></li>

<li><a href="Sport_in_Chile" title="Sport in Chile">Sports</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_in_Chile" title="Television in Chile">Television</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="Outline_of_Chile" title="Outline of Chile">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="Index_of_Chile-related_articles" title="Index of Chile-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div>

<ul><li>Category</li>

<li><a href="Portal%3AChile" title="Portal:Chile">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-29" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Architecture_of_Chile&oldid=1287966697">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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